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Debt Payoff Calculator: Snowball vs Avalanche

Free debt payoff calculator. Compare snowball and avalanche strategies side-by-side, plan extra payments, and see your debt-free date and total interest saved.

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Enter your debts and any extra you can put toward payoff. The calculator shows both snowball (smallest balance first) and avalanche (highest APR first) results side-by-side.

Applied to the top-priority debt under the chosen strategy each month.

Snowball strategy

Pay off smallest balance first.

Avalanche strategy

Pay off highest APR first.

Recommendation

Worked example

Take three debts: a store card at $1,500 and 12% APR with a $40 minimum, a Visa at $3,000 and 24% APR with a $90 minimum, and an auto loan at $9,000 and 7% APR with a $250 minimum, plus $200 of extra payment each month. Every month interest accrues on each balance, all minimums are paid, then the $200 extra is thrown at one target debt until it is gone, after which its old payment rolls into the next target. The snowball method targets the smallest balance first, so it clears the store card, then the Visa, then the auto loan, finishing in 31 months with $1,768 of total interest. The avalanche method targets the highest APR first, so it attacks the 24% Visa before the store card, finishing in 30 months with $1,547 of interest. Same debts, same extra payment, but avalanche saves about $221 in interest and one month, because every extra dollar kills the most expensive balance first.

Strategy Payoff order Time Interest
SnowballStore card, Visa, Auto31 months$1,768
AvalancheVisa, Store card, Auto30 months$1,547
Avalanche saving1 month$221
Total interest paid by strategy Snowball $1,768 Avalanche $1,547 Snowball: smallest balance first ($1,768) Avalanche: highest APR first ($1,547)

How it is calculated

The tool simulates your debts month by month rather than using a closed-form formula, because the order you pay them in changes the result. Each month it adds one twelfth of the APR to every balance as interest, subtracts the minimum payment from each debt, then applies your extra payment to a single target. Under snowball that target is the smallest remaining balance; under avalanche it is the highest APR. When a debt is cleared, its freed-up minimum plus the extra cascade onto the next target, which is the snowball or avalanche effect that accelerates later payoffs. Avalanche is mathematically optimal because it always retires the costliest interest first, while snowball can be easier to stick with thanks to quick early wins. When the smallest balance also happens to carry the highest rate, the two strategies coincide.

Frequently asked questions

Snowball vs avalanche, which is better?
Avalanche mathematically saves you the most interest by attacking the highest-APR debt first. Snowball produces faster early wins (paying off the smallest balance first), which research suggests improves motivation and completion rates. For most people, avalanche saves money but snowball is more likely to be finished. Pick the one you’ll actually stick with.
Should I pay off debt or invest?
Rule of thumb: pay any debt above ~7% APR aggressively (it almost always beats expected investment returns). For debt between 4-7%, the answer depends on your tax situation and risk tolerance. Below 4% (e.g., low-rate mortgages), investing typically wins.
What about credit card balance transfers?
A 0% APR balance transfer card (with fee) can save significant interest if you can pay off the transferred balance within the promotional period. Run the math: 3-5% transfer fee vs. the interest you’d otherwise pay over the promo window.
Does this calculator handle variable rates?
No, APR is assumed fixed for the life of each debt. For variable-rate debts, use the current rate as a baseline and rerun the calculator when rates change materially.

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