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Nigeria Presumptive Tax Calculator

Estimate the 4% presumptive turnover tax where income cannot be ascertained and no WHT applies.

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The 4% presumptive turnover tax.

Presumptive tax

Rate applied

Net after tax

When the 4 percent charge bites

Presumptive tax is a backstop, not a regime you opt into. It exists for the awkward situations where the revenue service can see that a person earned money from Nigeria but cannot pin down the actual profit, and where no withholding tax has already been deducted from the payments. In that gap the law presumes a tax based on turnover instead of profit. This calculator applies the rate the rules currently set, 4 percent of the total income derived from Nigeria, and shows both the charge and what is left after it. Because this is a federal charge, the FIRS, now the Nigeria Revenue Service under the 2025 Act, is the body to confirm the rate and the conditions with, and for an individual taxpayer your state internal revenue service will also be involved in your wider assessment.

The single input is your total income from Nigeria. The default of NGN 20 million is just a starting point. Enter the figure the authority would assess, which for presumptive purposes is closer to your gross receipts than to a carefully computed profit, since the whole reason presumptive tax is being used is that a reliable profit number is not available.

Turnover, not profit, is the base

This is the feature that catches people out, so it is worth dwelling on. Ordinary income tax falls on profit, your receipts after deductible expenses. Presumptive tax ignores expenses entirely and applies its rate to the top-line income. A trader with thin margins can therefore face a presumptive charge that looks small as a percentage but is heavy relative to actual profit. The 4 percent figure here is the rate the calculator applies under the 2025 reform that took effect in 2026, and you should treat it as that rather than a number I am certifying, because reform-era figures and conditions are still settling. Verify the current position with the FIRS before relying on it.

The mechanism itself is deliberately simple, which is the point of a presumptive charge. There are no bands, no reliefs, and no schedule to work through. You multiply the assessed income by the rate and that is the tax. The simplicity is what makes it usable where records are missing, but it is also why it can be unkind to low-margin businesses.

A NGN 20 million example

Take the default income of NGN 20 million derived from Nigeria. At the rate this calculator applies, 4 percent, the presumptive tax is NGN 800,000, leaving NGN 19.2 million after the charge. The calculation does not change with your costs, your sector, or your other income. It is a flat slice off the assessed total.

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How to get off presumptive tax

The honest advice for most businesses is to make presumptive tax irrelevant by keeping records good enough for a normal assessment. If you can show your real income and expenses, you are taxed on profit under the ordinary rules, which is usually fairer once margins are taken into account. Registering for a taxpayer identification number, issuing receipts, and keeping a simple book of sales and costs are the steps that move you out of the presumptive net. A common mistake is to treat presumptive tax as a permanent shortcut. It is meant to be a fallback, and a business that grows while staying on it can end up paying more than it should. Use this tool to size the likely charge, then weigh that against the modest effort of proper bookkeeping.

Does withholding tax already paid reduce my presumptive charge?

Presumptive tax only applies in the first place where no withholding tax has been deducted from the relevant income. If WHT was withheld at source, that income is generally outside the presumptive route, so the charge should not arise on it. Where your situation is mixed, ask the FIRS how the two interact for your specific receipts.

Is presumptive tax the same as the small-company exemption?

No. They are separate ideas. Small companies below the turnover threshold face a zero companies income tax rate, which is a deliberate relief. Presumptive tax is a fallback charge used when income cannot be ascertained. A small company with proper records would normally be assessed under the company rules rather than presumptively. Confirm which applies to you with the FIRS or your state revenue service.

Frequently asked questions

When does presumptive tax apply in Nigeria?
Presumptive tax applies where a person derives income from Nigeria but the income cannot be properly ascertained and no withholding tax has been applied. In that case the Nigeria Tax Act charges 4 percent of the total income derived from Nigeria. It is a backstop for situations where ordinary assessment is not possible.
Is the presumptive tax rate applied to profit or to turnover?
It is applied to the total income derived from Nigeria, which is closer to gross receipts than to profit. Unlike ordinary income tax, which falls on profit after expenses, presumptive tax ignores your costs entirely. A business with thin margins can therefore face a charge that is small as a percentage of turnover but significant relative to actual profit.
Can I avoid presumptive tax by keeping proper records?
Yes. Presumptive tax is a fallback used when income cannot be ascertained. If you keep reliable books showing your actual income and expenses, the revenue authority can assess you on real profit under the ordinary income tax rules instead. Registering for a taxpayer identification number and maintaining a simple record of sales and costs are the practical steps that move you out of the presumptive net.
Does presumptive tax apply if withholding tax has already been deducted?
No. Presumptive tax only arises where no withholding tax has been deducted from the relevant income. If WHT was withheld at source on a payment, that income falls outside the presumptive route and the charge should not apply to it. Confirm the interaction with the Federal Inland Revenue Service where your receipts are mixed.

Related calculators

Sources

  1. FIRS — Personal Income Tax (PAYE), Federal Inland Revenue Service, Nigeria
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