PennyCompass

FIRE Calculator

Free FIRE calculator. Find your FIRE number, years to financial independence, Coast FIRE target, and year-by-year portfolio projection.

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Find your FIRE number, projected years to financial independence, and Coast FIRE threshold. Default assumptions reflect a balanced stock-heavy portfolio.

What you spend each year (today’s dollars).

4% is the Trinity Study default; lower = safer.

After inflation (e.g., 5% real ≈ 8% nominal at 3% inflation).

FIRE number

Coast FIRE number

Years to FIRE

Age at FIRE

Year-by-year projection

Year Age Portfolio

Worked example

Take a 32 year old who spends $60,000 a year, has $100,000 invested, saves $30,000 a year, expects a 5% real return, and uses a 4% safe withdrawal rate with a target retirement age of 60. The FIRE number is annual expenses divided by the withdrawal rate, $60,000 divided by 0.04, which is $1,500,000, equal to 25 times annual spending. Stepping forward year by year, the portfolio takes in $30,000 and then grows 5% each year. It crosses $1,500,000 after 22 years, at age 54, six years ahead of the age-60 target. The Coast FIRE number, the amount that would grow to $1,500,000 by age 60 with no further saving over the 28 remaining years, is $1,500,000 divided by 1.05 to the 28th power, about $382,640. Since the current $100,000 is below that, this saver is not yet coasting, but once the balance passes $382,640 they could stop contributing and still hit FIRE on schedule.

Item Value
Annual expenses$60,000
FIRE number (expenses / 4%)$1,500,000
Coast FIRE number (today)$382,640
Years to FIRE22
Age at FIRE54
Progress toward the $1.5M FIRE number Coast $382,640 FIRE $1,500,000 Current portfolio: $100,000 Remaining to FIRE number: $1,400,000

How it is calculated

FIRE planning rests on the safe withdrawal rate from the Trinity Study, which found a portfolio could sustain inflation-adjusted withdrawals of about 4% a year for 30 years with a high success rate. Inverting that, your FIRE number is annual expenses divided by your chosen withdrawal rate, so a 4% rate means saving 25 times your spending and a more conservative 3.5% rate means about 29 times. The tool then steps your portfolio forward one year at a time, adding your annual savings and applying your expected real return, and reports the year the balance first reaches the FIRE number. Because the inputs are real, inflation-adjusted, the result is in today's purchasing power. Coast FIRE is the balance that would compound to your FIRE number by your target age with zero further contributions, a useful milestone because once you reach it your existing savings alone finish the job.

Frequently asked questions

What is the FIRE movement?
FIRE stands for Financial Independence Retire Early. Adherents save 25-50%+ of income with the goal of accumulating ~25× annual expenses, then living off portfolio returns. The "FIRE number" is your target portfolio size.
What is the 4% rule?
The 4% rule comes from the Trinity Study (1998). It found that a 60/40 portfolio could safely withdraw 4% of starting value, inflation-adjusted, for 30 years with high success rate. Modern updates suggest 3.3-3.7% is more conservative for longer time horizons.
Is FIRE realistic for most people?
Strict FIRE (retiring in your 30s/40s) requires very high savings rates (50%+ of after-tax income) and is challenging in high-cost cities. Coast FIRE (front-loading enough to coast to traditional retirement) and Barista FIRE (semi-retirement with part-time work for healthcare) are more accessible variants.
What returns should I use?
For long-horizon planning, use real (inflation-adjusted) returns. A diversified stock-heavy portfolio has historically returned 5-7% real. Use 4-5% for a more conservative projection.

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